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|common_name = Nigeria |image_flag = Flag of Nigeria.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg | image_map = Location Nigeria AU Africa.svg |image_map2 = |map_caption = |national_motto = "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" |national_anthem = ''Arise, O Compatriots'' centre |demonym = Nigerian |official_languages = English |languages_type = Major languages |languages = |languages2_type = Other languages〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Languages of Nigeria )〕 |languages2 = |ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year=2014 |capital = Abuja |latd=9 |latm=4 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=29 |longEW=E |largest_city = Lagos |government_type = Federal presidential republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Muhammadu Buhari |leader_title2 = Vice-President |leader_name2 = Yemi Osinbajo |legislature = National Assembly |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = House of Representatives |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event1 = Unification of Southern and Northern Nigeria |established_date1 = 1914 |established_event2 = Declared and recognised |established_date2 = 1 October 1960 |established_event3 = Republic declared |established_date3 = 1 October 1963 |established_event4 = Current constitution |established_date4 = 29 May 1999 |area_rank = 32nd |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |area_km2 = 923,768 |area_sq_mi = 356,667 |percent_water = 1.4 |population_estimate=182,202,000〔("United Nations world population prospects" )(PDF) 2015 revision〕 |population_estimate_rank = 7th |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = 140,431,790 |population_census_year = 2006 |population_density_km2 = 188.9 |population_density_sq_mi = 489.3 |population_density_rank = 71st |GDP_PPP = $1.109 trillion |GDP_PPP_rank = 20th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,204〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 124th |GDP_nominal = $573.652 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 21st |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,298〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 122nd |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = decrease |Gini = 43.0 |Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.504 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |FSI = 95.6 1.2 |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = 17th |FSI_category = Alert |currency = Naira |currency_code = NG₦ |country_code = NGA |time_zone = WAT |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +1 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +234 |cctld = .ng }} The Federal Republic of Nigeria, commonly referred to as Nigeria , is a federal constitutional republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nigerian Constitution )〕 Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states for millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.〔 Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy.〔''Nigeria: Giant of Africa,'' by Peter Holmes 1987〕 With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern and central parts of the country, and Muslims in the northern and southwestern regions. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples. As of 2015, Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/nigeria-becomes-africa-largest-economy-20144618190520102.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-06/nigerian-economy-overtakes-south-africa-s-on-rebased-gdp.html )〕 Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UPDATE 2-Nigeria surpasses South Africa as continent's biggest economy )〕〔 Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nigeria )〕 It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.trademarksa.org/news/nigeria-poised-become-africa-s-most-powerful-nation )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.westafricagateway.org/west-africa/country-profiles/nigeria )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/nigeria/09372.pdf )〕 a middle power in international affairs,〔Andrew F. Cooper, Agata Antkiewicz and Timothy M. Shaw, 'Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?', ''International Studies Review'', Vol. 9, No. 4 (Winter, 2007), pp. 675, 687.〕〔Meltem Myftyler and Myberra Yyksel, 'Turkey: A Middle Power in the New Order', in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).〕〔Mace G, Belanger L (1999) (The Americas in Transition: The Contours of Regionalism ) (p 153)〕〔Solomon S (1997) (South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership ), ''ISS''〕 and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations. In the 2014 ebola outbreak, Nigeria was the first country to effectively contain and eliminate the Ebola threat that was ravaging three other countries in the West African region, as its unique method of contact tracing became an effective method later used by other countries, such as the United States, when Ebola threats were discovered. Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries. == Etymology == The name ''Nigeria'' was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Baron Frederick Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name ''Niger'', which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name ''egerew n-igerewen'' used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.〔The Arabic name ''nahr al-anhur'' is a direct translation of the Tuareg.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nigeria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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